[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":347},["ShallowReactive",2],{"SR0oQDWV6C":3},[4],{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":20,"template":26,"format":27,"meta":28,"categories":30,"tags":32,"class_list":33,"acf":41,"yoast_head":42,"yoast_head_json":43,"featured_media_src_url":137,"_links":138,"_embedded":186},1741,"2025-08-24T16:13:48","2025-08-24T13:13:48",{"rendered":9},"https://api.aoskin.ru/?p=1741","2025-09-27T19:50:13","2025-09-27T16:50:13","javascript-v-dejstvii-poleznye-funkczii-obekty","publish","post","https://api.aoskin.ru/javascript-v-dejstvii-poleznye-funkczii-obekty/",{"rendered":17},"JavaScript в действии: полезные функции [Объекты]",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Это фундаментальный тип данных, с которого строится почти всё в языке: от простых структур до сложных API. Распознать объекты JavaScript можно легко – у них есть \u003Cstrong>конструкторы\u003C/strong>, а экземпляры таких объектов, как правило, создаются с помощью ключевого слова \u003Ccode>new\u003C/code>. В JavaScript в виде объектов реализованы такие базовые вещи, как:\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\u003Cli>массивы (\u003Ccode>Array\u003C/code>)\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>даты (\u003Ccode>Date\u003C/code>)\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>ошибки (\u003Ccode>Error\u003C/code>)\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>коллекции (\u003Ccode>Map\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>Set\u003C/code>)\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>регулярные выражения (\u003Ccode>RegExp\u003C/code>)\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Создание объекта\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>// Literal\nconst user = { name: "Ivan", age: 25 }\n\n// Constructor\nconst user = new Object()\nuser.name = "Ivan"\n\n// Object.create\nconst user = { name: "Ivan", age: 25 }\nconst dev = Object.create(user)\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Доступ к свойствам\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>console.log(user.name)     // "Ivan"\nconsole.log(user["age"])   // 25\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Методы объекта\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const user = {\n  name: "Ivan",\n  position() {\n    console.log("Frontend developer");\n  }\n}\n\nuser.position() // Frontend developer\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Работа с ключами и значениями\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const keys = Object.keys(user) // ["name", "age"]\nconst values = Object.values(user) // ["Ivan", 25]\nconst entries = Object.entries(user) // [["name", "Ivan"], ["age", 25]]\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Копирование и объединение\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>// Spread\nconst base = { role: "Frontend" }\nconst extend = { ...base, level: "Senior" }\n\n// Object.assign\nconst merged = Object.assign({}, base, { stack: "Vue" })\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Проверка свойств\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>console.log("age" in user) // true\nconsole.log(user.hasOwnProperty("name")) // true\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Запрет изменений объекта\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u003Ccode>Object.preventExtensions()\u003C/code> – запрещает \u003Cstrong>добавление новых свойств\u003C/strong>, но редактировать и удалять текущие свойства можно.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const obj = { a: 1 }\nObject.preventExtensions(obj)\n\nobj.b = 2   // не добавится\nobj.a = 10  // изменится\ndelete obj.a // удалится\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u003Ccode>Object.seal()\u003C/code> – запрещает \u003Cstrong>добавление и удаление свойств\u003C/strong>, но позволяет изменять существующие.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const obj = { a: 1 }\nObject.seal(obj)\n\nobj.b = 2    // не добавится\ndelete obj.a // не удалится\nobj.a = 10   // изменится\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u003Ccode>Object.freeze()\u003C/code> – запрещает\u003Cstrong> любое изменение свойств\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const obj = { a: 1 }\nObject.freeze(obj)\n\nobj.a = 10   // не изменится\ndelete obj.a // не удалится\nobj.b = 2    // не добавится\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Глубокое копирование объекта\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Обычное копирование (\u003Ccode>Object.assign\u003C/code> или spread \u003Ccode>...\u003C/code>) делает \u003Cstrong>поверхностную копию\u003C/strong> – вложенные объекты доступны по ссылке.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u003Ccode>JSON.parse + JSON.stringify\u003C/code> – простой способ, если в объекте нет функций, \u003Ccode>Date\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>Map\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>Set\u003C/code>\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const deep = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(user))\ndeep.skills.js = false\n\nconsole.log(user.skills.js) // true — оригинал не изменился\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Window: \u003Ccode>structuredClone\u003C/code>() – работает с большинством встроенных типов (\u003Ccode>Date\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>Map\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>Set\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>ArrayBuffer\u003C/code> и т.д.), но не копирует функции.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const deep = structuredClone(user)\ndeep.skills.vue = false\n\nconsole.log(user.skills.vue) // true\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lodash: \u003Ccode>_.cloneDeep\u003C/code> – популярная библиотека для работы с данными. Для глубокой копии в ней есть готовая функция \u003Ccode>cloneDeep\u003C/code>.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"Bash\">\u003Ccode>npm i -g npm\nnpm i --save lodash\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>import _ from "lodash"\n\nconst user = {\n  name: "Ivan",\n  skills: { js: true, vue: true },\n  dates: [new Date(), new Date()]\n}\n\nconst deep = _.cloneDeep(user)\n\ndeep.skills.js = false\nconsole.log(user.skills.js) // true\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Перебор свойств объекта\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">В JavaScript у объекта нет встроенного \u003Ccode>forEach\u003C/code>, как у массивов. Но есть несколько способов пройтись по его ключам и значениям.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u003Ccode>Object.keys()\u003C/code> + \u003Ccode>forEach\u003C/code> – современный и удобный вариант\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const user = { name: "Ivan", age: 25 }\n\nObject.keys(user).forEach((key) => {\n  console.log(key, user[key])\n})\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u003Ccode>Object.entries()\u003C/code> + \u003Ccode>for...of\u003C/code> – хорошо читаемый и часто используемый синтаксис\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const user = { name: "Ivan", age: 25 }\n\nfor (const [key, value] of Object.entries(user)) {\n  console.log(key, value)\n}\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Заключение\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Объекты в JavaScript – это не просто структура данных. Они лежат в основе всего: массивов, дат, коллекций, ошибок, DOM-элементов и даже большинства встроенных API.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Что важно помнить:\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\u003Cli>объекты – \u003Cstrong>универсальные контейнеры\u003C/strong> в JS;\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>очень важно уметь работать с ключами, значениями и методами;\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>запрет изменений (\u003Ccode>preventExtensions\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>seal\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>freeze\u003C/code>) помогает контролировать данные;\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>глубокое копирование (сериализация JSON, \u003Ccode>structuredClone\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>_.cloneDeep\u003C/code>) спасает от неожиданных ошибок;\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>перебор свойств (\u003Ccode>Object.keys\u003C/code>, \u003Ccode>Object.entries\u003C/code>) – очень важен при работе с объектами.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>Объект в JavaScript – это коллекция пар «ключ: значение», где ключи – строки (или символы), а значения могут быть чем угодно: числа, строки, массивы, функции, другие объекты.\u003C/p>\n",1,1753,"open","","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":26,"_yoast_wpseo_title":26,"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":29,"footnotes":26},"%%sep%% Объект в JavaScript - это коллекция пар «ключ: значение», где ключи - строки, а значения могут быть: числа, строки, массивы, функции",[31],17,[],[34,14,35,36,37,38,39,40],"post-1741","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javascript",[],"\u003C!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ -->\n\u003Ctitle>JavaScript в действии: полезные функции [Объекты]\u003C/title>\n\u003Cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"- Объект в JavaScript - это коллекция пар «ключ: значение», где ключи - строки, а значения могут быть: числа, строки, массивы, функции\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" 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