[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":348},["ShallowReactive",2],{"smEFKlYBK0":3},[4],{"id":5,"date":6,"date_gmt":7,"guid":8,"modified":10,"modified_gmt":11,"slug":12,"status":13,"type":14,"link":15,"title":16,"content":18,"excerpt":21,"author":23,"featured_media":24,"comment_status":25,"ping_status":25,"sticky":20,"template":26,"format":27,"meta":28,"categories":29,"tags":31,"class_list":32,"acf":40,"yoast_head":41,"yoast_head_json":42,"featured_media_src_url":137,"_links":138,"_embedded":186},455,"2024-06-16T13:12:00","2024-06-16T10:12:00",{"rendered":9},"https://api.aoskin.ru/?p=455","2024-10-19T10:09:02","2024-10-19T07:09:02","asinhronnyj-javascript-promise-async-await-fetch","publish","post","https://api.aoskin.ru/asinhronnyj-javascript-promise-async-await-fetch/",{"rendered":17},"Асинхронный JavaScript: Promise, async/await, fetch",{"rendered":19,"protected":20},"\n\u003Cp>С появлением объекта \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> в javascript разработчики веб-браузеров активно внедряют API – интерфейсы, основанные на промисах. Многие новые веб-интерфейсы и функции браузеров используют промисы для обработки асинхронных операций, таких как загрузка или получение данных, анимации и многие другие.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Три возможных состояния Promise:\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>Pending\u003C/code>(ожидание): начальное состояние, операция не завершена.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>Fulfilled\u003C/code>(выполнен)\u003Ccode>:\u003C/code> операция завершена успешно.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>Rejected\u003C/code>(отклонён)\u003Ccode>:\u003C/code> операция завершена с ошибкой.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Объект Promise в виде цепочки\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Одним из наиболее важных преимуществ объекта \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> является, то, что мы можем писать асинхронные операции в виде линейной цепочки вызовов метода \u003Ccode>then()\u003C/code> без вложения каждой новой операции внутрь обратного вызова предыдущей операции.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Пример реализации функции возвращающая \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code>, для обработки результата \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> используются методы \u003Ccode>.then\u003C/code> и \u003Ccode>.catch\u003C/code>\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>function getData() {\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      const success = true;\n      if (success) {\n        resolve({message: 'resolve'});\n      } else {\n        reject("reject!");\n      }\n    }, 2000); \n  });\n}\n\n// .then / .catch\ngetData()\n  .then(result => {\n    console.log("Result:", result); // Resolve promise\n  })\n  .catch(error => {\n    console.error("Error:", error); // Catch error\n  });\n\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Современные возможности ES2017: \u003Ccode>async/await\u003C/code>\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Применение \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> позволяет писать асинхронный код, который выглядит как синхронный и не блокирует при ожидании ответов сети и других асинхронных событий. \u003Ccode>Await\u003C/code> берет объект \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> и преобразует его в возвращаемое значение либо в сгенерированное исключение.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>let response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/user/position');\nlet position = await response.json();\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Любой код в котором применяет \u003Ccode>await\u003C/code> становится асинхронным в связи с этим необходимо учитывать важное правило: \u003Ccode>await\u003C/code> можно применять только в функциях которые были объявлены с ключевым словом \u003Ccode>async\u003C/code>. С помощью \u003Ccode>await\u003C/code> можно легко выполнять последовательные асинхронные операции:\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode> async function fetchData() {\n  const firstResponse = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data1');\n  const data1 = await firstResponse.json();\n\n  const secondResponse = await fetch(`https://api.example.com/data2?param=${data1.param}`);\n  const data2 = await secondResponse.json();\n\n  console.log(data2);\n}\n\nfetchData();\n\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003Ccode>Fetch\u003C/code>\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>fetch('https://api.github.com/users')\n  .then(response => response.json())\n  .then(users => {\n    console.log(users);\n  })\n  .catch(error => {\n    console.error(`Error: ${error}`);\n  });\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Статические методы Promise\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Promise.resolve() и Promise.reject()\u003C/h3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Иногда может понадобиться реализовать существующий API-интерфейс на основе \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> и возвращать \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> даже если при вычислении не требуется никаких асинхронных операций. Для этого можно использовать методы \u003Ccode>Promise.resolve()\u003C/code> и \u003Ccode>Promise.reject()\u003C/code>.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>Promise.resolve()\u003C/code> – принимает значение единственного аргумента и возвращает объект Promise с выполненным (но асинхронно) результатом.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>Promise.resolve('Javascript').then(result => console.log(result)); // Javascript\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>Promise.reject()\u003C/code> – принимает значение единственного аргумента и возвращает объект Promise с отклоненным (но асинхронно) результатом.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>Promise.reject(new Error('Error!'))\n  .catch(error => console.error(error.message)); // Error in console\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Promise.all() и Promise.allSettled()\u003C/h3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>Promise.all()\u003C/code> – принимает на входе массив объектов Promise и возвращает объект Promise. Объект Promise будет удовлетворен с массивом значений, которыми удовлетворены все входные объекты Promise, если отклонен любой из входных объектов \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code>, то объект \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> будет отклонен с результатом ошибки входного объекта.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Пример успешного выполнения всех промисов:\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>Promise.all([\n  new Promise(resolve => resolve('HTML')),\n  new Promise(resolve => resolve('CSS')),\n  new Promise(resolve => resolve('Javascript'))\n]).then(result => console.log(result)); // HTML, CSS, Javascript\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Пример выполнения промиса, когда возникает ошибка:\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>Promise.all([\n  new Promise(resolve => resolve('HTML')),\n  new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject(new Error("Error!"))),\n  new Promise(resolve => resolve('Javascript'))\n])\n.then(result => console.log(result))\n.catch(error => console.error(error));\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Promise.allSettled: позволяет дождаться завершения всех переданных Promise, независимо от того, завершились они успешно или с ошибкой. Возвращает массив с результатами каждого Promise.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const promises = [\n  Promise.resolve('Resolve'),\n  Promise.reject('Error'),\n  Promise.resolve('Resolve')\n];\n\nPromise.allSettled(promises)\n  .then(results => console.log(results));\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Promise.race() и Promise.any()\u003C/h3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Ccode>Promise.race\u003C/code>() – принимает массив промисов и возвращает новый промис, который разрешается или отклоняется при первом завершении любого, который выполнится быстрее остальных промисов из массива.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>Promise.race([\n  new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'one')),\n  new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 200, 'two')),\n])\n  .then(result => {\n    console.log(result); // one\n  });\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Promise.any: возвращает первый успешно завершившийся \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code>. Если все переданные \u003Ccode>Promise\u003C/code> отклонены, возвращает ошибку.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cdiv class=\"hcb_wrap\">\u003Cpre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-js\" data-lang=\"JavaScript\">\u003Ccode>const promises = [\n  Promise.reject('Error 1'),\n  Promise.resolve('Resolve'),\n  Promise.reject('Error 2')\n];\n\nPromise.any(promises)\n  .then(result => console.log(result)) // Resolve\n  .catch(error => console.error(error)); // AggregateError\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003C/div>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Заключение\u003C/h2>\n\n\n\n\u003Cp>Объекты Promise позволяют по новому структурировать функции обратных вызовов. При корректном применение они способны преобразовывать вложенный асинхронный код, в линейные цепочки вызовов \u003Ccode>then()\u003C/code>, где один асинхронный шаг результата следует за другим. Еще одним преимуществом объекта Promise является возможность централизовать код обработки ошибок внутри единственного вызова в конце цепочки вызовов \u003Ccode>then()\u003C/code>.\u003C/p>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ccode>Promise.all(promises)\u003C/code>\u003C/strong> – удобен, когда необходимо дождаться выполнения всех промисов и использовать их результаты, предполагая, что ни один из них не отклонен.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ccode>Promise.allSettled(promises)\u003C/code>\u003C/strong> – полезен, когда необходимо выполнить все промисы и получить информацию о том, как каждый из них завершился, даже если некоторые из них были отклонены.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ccode>Promise.race(promises)\u003C/code>\u003C/strong> – полезен, когда нужно выполнить какое-то действие по достижении первого выполненного промиса из массива, остальные игнорируются.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>\u003Cstrong>Promise.any(promises)\u003C/strong>\u003C/code> – полезен, когда нужно выполнить действие при получении первого успешно выполненного промиса, если все промисы отклонены \u003Ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/AggregateError\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u003Ccode>AggregateError\u003C/code>\u003C/a> становится ошибкой \u003Ccode>Promise.any\u003C/code>.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>\u003Cstrong>Promise.resolve\u003Ccode>(value)\u003C/code>\u003C/strong>\u003C/code> – полезен, когда нужно создать промис и разрешить его с определенным значением.\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>\u003Cstrong>Promise.reject\u003Ccode>(error)\u003C/code>\u003C/strong>\u003C/code> – удобен, когда необходимо вернуть промис с ошибкой \u003Ccode>error\u003C/code>.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\n\n\n\u003Ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Подробная информация о промисах\u003C/h3>\n\n\n\n\u003Cul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://learn.javascript.ru/promise-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Промисы\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://learn.javascript.ru/promise-api\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Promise API\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\n\n\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/ru/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Promise\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n",false,{"rendered":22,"protected":20},"\u003Cp>В мире JavaScript, асинхронное программирование стало неотъемлемой частью разработки. Одним из ключевых инструментов для работы с асинхронным кодом являются Promise.\u003C/p>\n",1,724,"open","","standard",{"_acf_changed":20,"footnotes":26},[30],17,[],[33,14,34,35,36,37,38,39],"post-455","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javascript",[],"\u003C!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ -->\n\u003Ctitle>Асинхронный JavaScript: Promise, async/await, fetch\u003C/title>\n\u003Cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"- Асинхронный javascript: Promise, async/await, fetch. 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